✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Rituals

There are 96 resources that contain the exact keyword: Rituals
id title type
LIT7178SalotaMa work
ESmkl004 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Laqāy Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MKL-004 mss
ESdsm007 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Dabra Sāhl Qǝddus Mikāʾel Bet Maḵāʿ, DSM-007 mss
ESqgm008 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Manawat Qǝddus Giyorgis, QGM-008 mss
ESwq003 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Walwālo Dabra Bǝrhān Qirqos, WQ-003 mss
ESqs004 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Qalāqǝl Māryām Ṣǝyon, QS-004 mss
ESmy017 Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs, MY-017 mss
ESmac007 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Č̣ahāt Madḫāne ʿĀlam, MAC-007 mss
ESgms007 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Siʿet Qǝddǝst Māryām, GMS-007 mss
ESdmd007 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Dǝblā Yoḥannǝs Maṭmǝq, DMD-007 mss
ESmgm017 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Mǝʾǝsār Gwǝḥilā Qǝddus Mikāʾel, MGM-017 mss
ESthmr009 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Māy Rāzā Takla Haymānot, THMR-009 mss
ESdsm020 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Dabra Sāhl Qǝddus Mikāʾel Bet Maḵāʿ, DSM-020 mss
ESky029 ʾƎndartā, Koholo Yoḥannǝs Dabra Betel, KY-029 mss
ESgms012 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Siʿet Qǝddǝst Māryām, GMS-012 mss
ESddm006 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Danderā Dabra Mǝḥrat Mikāʾel, DDM-006 mss
ESum010 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʿUrā Qirqos, UM-010 mss
ESsdm006 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Soṭā Dabra Salām Qǝddus Mikāʾel, SDM-006 mss
ESktm001 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Kadiḥ Dabra Tawāḥǝdo Qǝddǝst Māryām, KTM-001 mss
ESqqm006 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddi Qiyāḥto Qǝddǝst Māryām, QQM-006 mss
ESbqm006 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Māryām Māy ʾAbʾa, BQM-006 mss
ESthmr010 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Māy Rāzā Takla Haymānot, THMR-010 mss
ESnsm006 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Nǝḥbi Qǝddus Mikāʾel, NSM-006 mss
ESmsm004 Gulo Maḵadā, Dabra Ṣǝyon Qǝddǝst Māryām Manabayti, MSM-004 mss
LIT6046InvocationMary Short Invocation to Our Lady Mary work
IVorlov33 Saint Petersburg, Institut Vostočnyh Rukopisej Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, IV Orlov 33 mss
ESmma003 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Maʿago ʾAmānuʾel, MMA-003 mss
ESbgy011 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Golʿa Dabra Bǝrhān Yoḥannǝs, BGY-011 mss
ESqds006 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Qiʿāt Dabra Ṣǝyon Qǝddǝst Māryām, QDS-006 mss
ESum055 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʿUrā Qirqos, UM-055 mss
ESssb001 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Bet Ḥāwāryāt, SSB-001 mss
ESmy011 mss
ESsdsm001 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Sawna Māryām, SDSM-001 mss
ESbmqm005 Sāʿsiʿ Ṣaʿdā ʾƎmbā, Bet Muḵāʿ Mikāʾel, BMQM-005 mss
LIT6395Consecration Consecration Ritual work
BLorient554 London, British Library, BL Oriental 554 mss
BLorient555 London, British Library, BL Oriental 555 mss
BLorient453 London, British Library, BL Oriental 453 mss
BLorient788 London, British Library, BL Oriental 788 mss
BLorient551 London, British Library, BL Oriental 551 mss
NAR0016NAEzlMornigDayHours Chants on the ʿǝzl mode for the morning day hours nar
BLorient552 London, British Library, BL Oriental 552 mss
BLorient553 London, British Library, BL Oriental 553 mss
BLorient550 London, British Library, BL Oriental 550 mss
BLorient549 London, British Library, BL Oriental 549 mss
BLorient789 London, British Library, BL Oriental 789 mss
LIT5694LukeSalam Luke 1:26-38 and salām-hymns work
LIT5656Malheq Malḥǝq work
LIT5675SerataAswam Śǝrʿata ʾaṣwām work
LIT1931Mashaf Maṣḥafa gǝnzat work
GotD786 Schleswig, Archaeological Museum Schloss Gottorf, D 786 mss
GotD787 Schleswig, Archaeological Museum Schloss Gottorf, D 787 mss
GotD802 Schleswig, Archaeological Museum Schloss Gottorf, D 802 mss
EDMG006 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Māryām Dangalat, EDMG-006 mss
YOMA020 Mǝsrāqāwi Tǝgrāy, Maʿāquddi Yoḥannǝs Walda Nagʷadgʷād, YOMA-020 mss
YOMA007 Mǝsrāqāwi Tǝgrāy, Maʿāquddi Yoḥannǝs Walda Nagʷadgʷād, YOMA-007 mss
YOMA010 Mǝsrāqāwi Tǝgrāy, Maʿāquddi Yoḥannǝs Walda Nagʷadgʷād, YOMA-010 mss
TAQOMA001 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, Ṭāq̲ot Dabra Ṣəyon Māryām, TAQOMA-001 mss
TAQOMA002 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, Ṭāq̲ot Dabra Ṣəyon Māryām, TAQOMA-002 mss
TAQOMA003 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, Ṭāq̲ot Dabra Ṣəyon Māryām, TAQOMA-003 mss
TAQOMA004 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, Ṭāq̲ot Dabra Ṣəyon Māryām, TAQOMA-004 mss
TAQOMA005 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, Ṭāq̲ot Dabra Ṣəyon Māryām, TAQOMA-005 mss
TAQOMA006 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, Ṭāq̲ot Dabra Ṣəyon Māryām, TAQOMA-006 mss
EYQG001 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Yoḥannǝs Ḥādduš ʿAddi, EYQG-001 mss
EYQG002 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Yoḥannǝs Ḥādduš ʿAddi, EYQG-002 mss
EYQG003 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Yoḥannǝs Ḥādduš ʿAddi, EYQG-003 mss
EYQG054 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Yoḥannǝs Ḥādduš ʿAddi, EYQG-054 mss
EYQG055 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Yoḥannǝs Ḥādduš ʿAddi, EYQG-055 mss
EYQG056 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Yoḥannǝs Ḥādduš ʿAddi, EYQG-056 mss
EYQG057 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Yoḥannǝs Ḥādduš ʿAddi, EYQG-057 mss
EYQG058 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Yoḥannǝs Ḥādduš ʿAddi, EYQG-058 mss
EYQG059 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Yoḥannǝs Ḥādduš ʿAddi, EYQG-059 mss
MALZ001 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-001 mss
MALZ002 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-002 mss
MALZ003 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-003 mss
MALZ004 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-004 mss
MALZ006 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-006 mss
MALZ007 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-007 mss
MALZ008 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-008 mss
MALZ009 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-009 mss
MALZ010 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-010 mss
MALZ012 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-012 mss
MALZ013 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-013 mss
MALZ014 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-014 mss
MALZ018 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-018 mss
MALZ019 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-019 mss
MALZ020 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-020 mss
MALZ021 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-021 mss
MALZ024 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-024 mss
MALZ025 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-025 mss
MALZ026 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-026 mss
MALZ027 Mǝbraq Tǝgrāy, ʿĀddi Lāq̲mā Qǝddǝst Māryām, MALZ-027 mss
BNFabb219 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 219 mss
LIT6815MeltanZatansae Service for Easter beginning with mǝlṭān za-tǝnśāʾe work
DHAS018 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, Dabra Hāllelo ʾƎndā ʾAbuna Sāmuʾel, DHAS-018 mss
LIT7016Liton Liṭon wa‐kāʿba nāstabaqqʷǝʿo la‐ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer ʾabuhu work