✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Canon Law

There are 146 resources that contain the exact keyword: CanonLaw
id title type
LIT5911Heggi Canon of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Egypt work
LIT6259Arius Letter on Arius work
LIT6261Chalcedon Canons of the council of Chalcedon work
LIT6252TimothyCyril Twelve chapters of Cyril of Alexandria work
LIT6254Baptism Baptismal ritual work
LIT6257Nicaea Canons of the Council of Nicaea work
SHOr404 Hamburg, State and University Library Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, Cod. Orient. 404 mss
ESgms013 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Siʿet Qǝddǝst Māryām, GMS-013 mss
UBTaeth7 Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, Tübingen Cod. Aeth. 7 mss
ESdd044 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-044 mss
LIT6240EcclCanQ Apostolic Tradition work
BLorient481 London, British Library, BL Orient 481 mss
LIT6256Nicaea Council and the names of the fathers of Nicaea work
ESam002 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, ʾAsir Matirā, AM-002 mss
BNFet121 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 121 mss
BAVet1 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 1 mss
ESdz011 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Zayt Qǝddǝst Māryām, DZ-011 mss
LIT6247Antioch The canons of the Council of Antioch work
ESbgy002 Gāntā ʾAfašum, Golʿa Dabra Bǝrhān Yoḥannǝs, BGY-002 mss
LIT6260Judge On the Only Judge work
BNFet123 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 123 mss
ESssb003 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Bet Ḥāwāryāt, SSB-003 mss
BAVet2 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 2 mss
BNFet122 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 122 mss
ESmhg006 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Ḥarennat Gabazayti Qǝddǝst Māryām, MHG-006 mss
LIT6250Serdica Canons of the council of Serdica work
LIT6238AksColl Antiochene Collection work
BAVet29 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Aeth. 29 mss
DSEthiop23 Egypt, Dayr as-Suryān, DS Ethiop. 23 mss
LIT6255Euchologion Collection of prayers work
BDLbruce86 Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Bruce 86 mss
ESaqg007 Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddi Qolqʷāl Giyorgis, AQG-007 mss
BNFet124 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 124 mss
BMLor148 Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, BML Or. 148 mss
BAVborget2 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. Borg. et. 2 mss
ESdd016 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-016 mss
ESdd015 Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-015 mss
FSUor14 Frankfurt, Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Ms. or. 14 mss
LIT6249Serdica Council and the names of the fathers of Serdica work
LIT6245Gangra Canons of the Council of Gangra work
LIT6241EpAlQ List of Apostles and disciples work
LIT6262Constantinople Canons of the council of Constantinople work
LIT6246Antioch Council of Antioch work
LIT3982Serata Śǝrʿāta mǝnkʷǝsǝnnā work
LIT6243Ancyra Canons of the council of Ancyra work
LIT6253TimothyGregory Treatises of Gregory of Nazianzus work
LIT6258Alexandrinians Letter to the People of Alexandria work
LIT6248Laodicea Council and canons of Laodicea work
LIT6263Ephesus Council of Ephesus work
LIT6239EcclCanQ Ecclesiastical canons work
LIT3177Canon Canon of the Doctors of the Church on those who abjure work
BLorient795 London, British Library, BL Oriental 795 mss
BLorient802 London, British Library, BL Oriental 802 mss
BLorient794 London, British Library, BL Oriental 794 mss
BLorient796 London, British Library, BL Oriental 796 mss
LIT6251Months Names of the months work
BLorient804 London, British Library, BL Oriental 804 mss
BLorient805 London, British Library, BL Oriental 805 mss
BLorient806 London, British Library, BL Oriental 806 mss
BLorient803 London, British Library, BL Oriental 803 mss
BLorient799 London, British Library, BL Oriental 799 mss
BLorient798 London, British Library, BL Oriental 798 mss
BLorient808 London, British Library, BL Oriental 808 mss
BLorient797 London, British Library, BL Oriental 797 mss
BLorient807 London, British Library, BL Oriental 807 mss
BLorient793 London, British Library, BL Oriental 793 mss
BLorient745 London, British Library, BL Oriental 745 mss
BLorient800 London, British Library, BL Oriental 800 mss
BLorient753 London, British Library, BL Oriental 753 mss
BLorient752 London, British Library, BL Oriental 752 mss
BLorient801 London, British Library, BL Oriental 801 mss
LIT5675SerataAswam Śǝrʿata ʾaṣwām work
LIT5674NagaraWag Nagara wagǝʿ za-ʾaṣwām za-kama yǝtqannay ba-ba-maʿārgihomu work
LIT1141Aposto Apostolic Canons (General Record) work
LIT1957Mashaf Book of Clement work
LIT1371Exposi Exposition of the Ten Commandments work
LIT1309Didesq Didǝsqǝlyā work
LIT1226Canons Canons of Nicaea (General Record) work
LIT1047Aksumi Aksumite collection work
LIT1313Discou Discourse of the 318 Fathers on the Trinity, eccl. work
LIT1395Fethan Fǝtḥa nagaśt work
LIT4017Mashafa Maṣḥafa faws manfasāwi (by Michael of ʾAṯrīb) work
LIT4027Prohibitions Prohibitions for monks work
LIT4018Mashafa Maṣḥafa faws manfasāwi (Anonymous) work
LIT4544Epistle Epistle of Zarʾa Yāʿqob work
LIT2683CanonsCouncilsT Titles of the Canons of the Council of Gangra work
LIT2656FearGod Discourse on the Fear of God work
LIT2640CanonsMattSimon Canons of SS. Matthew and Simon work
LIT2657Ancient Discourse on the Ancient People, and Refutation of the Jews work
LIT2687CanonsNicaea1T Titles of the Canons of the Council of Nicaea I work
LIT2645CanonW ወካዕበ ፡ በእንተ ፡ እለ ፡ ተጸውዑ ፡ ውስተ ፡ ምሳሕ ፡ ወተዝካረ ፡ ሙታን ። work
LIT2693CanR Canonical Responces by Peter of Alexandria work
LIT2682CanonsNCT Canons of the Council of Neo-Caesarea: titles work
LIT2688CanonsNicaea2 Canons of the Council of Nicaea II work
LIT2650CanonsNicaea1 Canons of the Council of Nicaea I work
LIT2689CanonsNicaea2T Titles of the Canons of the Council of Nicaea II work
LIT2644CanonsPaul Canons of S. Paul 2 work
LIT2659Wisdom Hortatory discourse to believers, who desire to walk in the path of wisdom and knowledge work
LIT2432Teachi Teaching of the 318 Nicene Fathers on the right faith and the monastic life work
LIT2654EssenceTrinity Discourse on the Essence of the Holy Trinity work
LIT2677ACABt1 Apostolic canons Abṭelisāt (81) work
LIT2643CanonsPaul Canons of S. Paul 1 work
LIT2642CanonsAp Canons of the apostles work
LIT2114OntheC On the Charisms work
LIT2655GoodEvil Discourse on How to distinguish between Good and Evil work
LIT2461Testam Testamentum Domini work
LIT2685CanonsLaoT Titles of the Canons of the Council of Laodicea work
LIT2647CanonsPeterPaul Canons of SS. Peter and Paul work
LIT2660Penit ʾAbsǝliṭis qanonā baʾǝnta nǝssǝḥa tǝmhǝrt za-taśarʿa ʾǝmḫaba ʾƎgziʾabǝḥer ʾǝgziʾǝna ʾIyasus Krǝstos work
LIT2651CanonsCouncils Canons of the Council of Gangra work
LIT2670AC56 Apostolic canons (56) work
LIT2684CanonsCouncilsT Titles of the Canons of the Council of Antioch work
LIT2649CanonsCouncils Canons of the Church Councils work
LIT2658Jews Discourse of Gregory of Armenia against the Jews work
LIT2686CanonsLao Canons of the Council of Laodicea work
LIT2653CanonsCouncils Canons of the Council of Antioch work
LIT2646CanonW ወካዕበ ፡ ነገሮሙ ፡ በእንተ ፡ እለ ፡ ይስደዱ ፡ በእንተ ፡ ሃይማኖት ፡ ወይጐዩ ፡ እምሀር ፡ ውስተ ፡ ሀገር ። work
LIT2652CanonsCouncils Canons of the Council of Sardes work
LIT2641CanonsPeterPaul Canons of SS. Peter and Paul work
LIT2648CanonsPaul Canons of St Paul work
LIT2639CanonsSimon1 Canons of S. Simon the Canaanite (1st recension) work
BerOrFol396 Berlin, Berlin State Library, SBP, Ms. orient. Fol. 396 mss
LIT1121TitlesAntioch Titles of the Canons of the Council of Antioch work
LIT1122PenitCan Penitential Canons (2) work
LIT2317Senodo Senodos work
BNFabb51 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 51 mss
UBTaeth5 Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, Tübingen Aeth. 5 mss
GotD181 Schleswig, Archaeological Museum Schloss Gottorf, SL Slg Dettenberg o.N. 181 mss
GotD306 Schleswig, Archaeological Museum Schloss Gottorf, Archäologisches Landesmuseum der Christian-Albrechts-Universität 306 mss
GCA838 Genoa, Castello d'Albertis, C.A. 838 mss
BNFabb78 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 78 mss
BNFabb199 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 199 mss
BNFabb7 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 7 mss
BNFabb90 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 90 mss
BNFabb79 Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien d'Abbadie 79 mss
EYQG051 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, ʾƎndā Yoḥannǝs Ḥādduš ʿAddi, EYQG-051 mss
EMDA93 Moṭa, Moṭā Giyorgis, G1-IV-248 mss
EMDA1 Marṭula Māryām, Marṭula Māryām, G1-IV-122 mss
LIT6242Neocesarea Canons of the council of Neocaesarea work
LIT6244Gangra Council of Gangra work
LIT6567Treatise Notes on the Apostles and their Predicament work
LIT6819Teachi318HA Teaching of the 318 Nicene Fathers work
DHAS001 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, Dabra Hāllelo ʾƎndā ʾAbuna Sāmuʾel, DHAS-001 mss
DHAS004 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, Dabra Hāllelo ʾƎndā ʾAbuna Sāmuʾel, DHAS-004 mss
DHAS007 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, Dabra Hāllelo ʾƎndā ʾAbuna Sāmuʾel, DHAS-007 mss
DHAS019 Māʾkalāy Tǝgrāy, Dabra Hāllelo ʾƎndā ʾAbuna Sāmuʾel, DHAS-019 mss